Wind-induced response and equivalent static wind loads of long span roofs

Long span space roofs are characterized as multimode wind-induced response. Participation factors on the basis of the structural strain energy are defined to select dominant eigenmodes in the background response and dominant vibration modes in the resonant response. These dominant eigenmodes and dominant vibration modes are chosen as fundamental vectors to evaluate the universal equivalent static wind loads (ESWL) that would simultaneously reproduce multiple largest load effects. A least-squares approximation method is employed to calculate the combination factors of these fundamental vectors. The proposed method is then employed to study wind-induced response and universal ESWL of the Beijing National Stadium. The results show that the background response is much higher than the mean response and the resonant response; low-order eigenmodes and vibration modes have the most important contribution to the wind-induced response; the structural response at selected nodes and selected supports under the universal ESWL agrees well with actual dynamic peak response.