Wavefront reconstruction of a non-coaxial diffraction model in a lens system

To reconstruct a wavefront in a non-coaxial lens system, we propose a diffraction model using the Fresnel integral. inclination angle is the newly included parameter in the mathematical formula describing beam propagation. it isdetermined through two ways in this paper, which are correlation operation and optical flow method. Furthermore, the multi-image phase retrieval is incorporated to reconstruct the complex optical field of sample from an overdetermined dataset. The combination is much closer to the actual situation and thus more practical. The proposed diffraction model is validated by numerical analysis and experiment. The work will further benefit the application of multi-image phase retrieval, such as in biomedical imaging and optical metrology.