Warping deformation analysis of angle-ply fiber metal laminates with slippage during manufacturing

Thermal residual stress generated during the manufacturing process may induce the warping deformation of fiber metal laminates (FMLs). An analytical model considering slippage effect due to thermal residual stress is developed to study the warping deformation for angle-ply FMLs, which is also validated by the measurement of warping deformation for angle-ply [Al/-45/45/Al] FML. The warping deformations for angle-ply FMLs are greatly associated with the geometry parameters. The effect of laminate length, metal layer thickness, aspect ratio and ply orientation angle on the warping deformation of angle-ply FMLs are investigated. The analytical results show that the ply orientation angle of FMLs does not influence the bifurcation point but change the final stable shapes. By calculating the contribution of the thermal strain energy and slippage strain energy to the total potential energy, it is shown that the slippage effect cannot be neglected in the prediction of the warping deformation for angle-ply FMLs.