Wake stabilization behind a cylinder by secondary flow over the leeward surface

Porous coating and blowing jets are both effective flow control methods for a bluff body. In the present study, we conducted wind tunnel experiments to investigate the combined control effects on a circular cylinder. The flow control was achieved by active steady blowing flows through the structured porous surface on the leeward side of the cylinder. The Reynolds number Re in the experiments, based on the cylinder outer diameter, was 1.0 × 10 4. The control effects were evaluated by a non-dimensional blowing momentum coefficient C μ, which was determined by various blowing mass flow rates, incoming wind speed, and the geometry of the porous surface. Reduced-order models, including proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), were employed to analyze the wake stabilization effects of the secondary jet flows. We found that, under the control of secondary flows ejected from the porous region of the cylinder, POD modal characteristics in the global flow wake were changed; temporal and spatial properties of DMD transformed; frequency and mode of the vortex shedding process shifted; statistical turbulent flow characteristics ameliorated; and the estimated drag coefficients restrained. Experimental results in the present study demonstrated that the secondary flow ejected from the structured porous surface and the resultant small-scale vortices could stabilize the cylinder wake with proper C μ values.