Wake flow control of a square cylinder via distributed jets over the rear porous surface

An active control method was used to attenuate the unsteady vortex shedding in the wake of a square cylinder. Distributed jets were applied to the rear porous surface at a Reynolds number of 1.07 × 10⁴. The strength of the jets was measured using the dimensionless jet momentum coefficient C_Q. The dynamic mode decomposition, instantaneous vorticity evolution, and time-averaged characteristics, e.g., turbulent kinetic energy, streamlines, velocity profiles and Reynolds stress distributions of the wake flow field were used to analyze the control effects. The results suggest that with increasing C_Q, two jet vortices gradually form near the rear cylinder wall and compete with the vortex shedding. Consequently, the vortex shedding pattern became nearly symmetrical, whereas the jet vortices remained asymmetrical. The vortex shedding process was pushed downstream. The fluctuations in the wake, particularly near cylindrical walls, were significantly suppressed. Thus, this scheme was successful, indicating potential for drag reduction and energy efficiency. Better control effects were associated with higher C_Q in the present study.