Urban Internet of Electric Vehicle Parking System for Vehicle-to-Grid Scheduling: Formulation and Distributed Algorithm

The application of Internet of electric vehicles has greatly enhanced the efficiency of the urban intelligent transportation system. The coordination of Internet of electric vehicles is crucial for improving the quality of public services in smart cities, such as vehicle-to-grid regulation and edge computing service. However, existing studies have unilaterally considered the application of one of these two services, which neglects the potential benefits of their combined optimization. In this article, we propose an urban Internet of electric vehicle parking system for vehicle-to-grid scheduling. Specifically, we solve the problems of Internet of electric vehicles allocation and scheduling with joint vehicle-to-grid regulation service and edge computing service. First of all, we formulate the joint problem as a mixed-integer quadratic programming problem. Then, through the alternating direction method of multipliers method, we decouple the main problem into sub-problems for Internet of electric vehicles. Then, we devise a distributed algorithm to solve each sub-problem. The simulation results show that our proposed model is effective in Internet of electric vehicles' allocation and vehicle-to-grid scheduling for the joint regulation and edge computing service. Furthermore, the power fluctuations of the city power grid can be well flattened by providing the vehicle-to-grid regulation service through effective communication network protocols.