Unlocking the Potential of 2D MoS₂ Cathodes for High-Performance Aqueous Al-Ion Batteries: Deciphering the Intercalation Mechanisms

In recent years, there have been significant advancements in Al-ion battery development, resulting in high voltage and capacity. Traditionally, only carbon-based materials with layered structures and strong bonding capabilities can deliver superior performance. However, most other materials exhibited low discharge voltages of 1.4 V, especially in aqueous Al-ion battery systems lacking anion intercalation. Thus, the development of high-voltage cathode materials has become crucial. This study introduces 2D MoS₂ as a high-performance cathode for aqueous Al-ion batteries. The material's interlayer structure enables the intercalation of AlCl₄⁻ anions, resulting in high-voltage intercalation. The resulting battery achieved a high voltage of 1.8 V with a capacity of 750 mAh g⁻¹, contributing to a high energy density of 890 Wh kg⁻¹ and an impressive retention rate of ≈100% after 200 cycles. This research not only sheds light on the high-voltage anion-intercalation mechanism of MoS₂ but also paves the way for the further development of advanced cathode materials in the field of Al-ion batteries. By demonstrating the potential of using 2D MoS₂ as a cathode material, this finding can lead to the development of more efficient and innovative energy storage technologies, ultimately contributing to a sustainable and green energy future.