TV Subgradient-Guided Multi-Source Fusion for Spectral Imaging in Dual-Camera CASSI Systems

Balancing spectral, spatial, and temporal resolutions is a key challenge in spectral imaging. The Dual-Camera Coded Aperture Snapshot Spectral Imaging (DC-CASSI) system alleviates this trade-off but suffers from severely ill-posed reconstruction problems due to its high compression ratio. Existing methods are constrained by scene-specific tuning or excessive reliance on paired training data. To address these issues, we propose a Total Variation (TV) subgradient-guided multi-source fusion framework for DC-CASSI reconstruction, comprising three core components: (1) An end-to-end Single-Disperser CASSI (SD-CASSI) observation model based on the tensor-form Kronecker δ, which establishes a rigorous mathematical foundation for physical constraints while enabling efficient adjoint operator implementation; (2) An adaptive spatial reference generator that integrates SD-CASSI’s physical model and RGB subspace constraint, generating the reference image as reliable spatial prior; (3) A TV subgradient-guided regularization term that encodes local structural directions from the reference image into spectral reconstruction, achieving high-quality fused results. The framework is validated on simulated datasets and real-world datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that it achieves state-of-the-art reconstruction performance and robust noise resilience. This work not only establishes an interpretable theoretical foundation for subgradient-guided fusion but also provides a practical fusion-based paradigm for high-fidelity spectral image reconstruction in DC-CASSI systems.