Transient solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere interaction associated with foreshock and magnetosheath transients and localized magnetopause reconnection

This paper discusses recent findings of solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere interaction driven by localized transient features: (i) foreshock transients, (ii) magnetosheath high-speed jets (HSJs), (iii) magnetosheath magnetic field excursions, and (iv) localized magnetopause reconnection. A variety of magnetosphere-ionosphere responses have been found to connect to those drivers, such as magnetopause compression and rarefaction, magnetopause reconnection, flux transfer events (FTEs), magnetopause surface waves, ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves, traveling convection vortices (TCVs), and auroral brightening (diffuse and discrete aurora). The properties of Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS), magnetosphere multiscale (MMS), Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN), and imagers, are used to highlight structure and evolution of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system to the transient driving.