Transient Dynamic Research of Deployable and Lockable Mechanism for Multi-Wing Considering Multiple Factors

The spatial constraints of aircraft have accelerated the development of multi-wing deployable mechanisms. These systems enable the rapid, sub-second deployment of multiple folding wings, which generate high-energy impacts upon locking—resulting in oscillations that can adversely affect aerodynamic performance. Despite their importance, the transient dynamic characteristics during deployment and locking remain insufficiently explored. This study presents an integrated dynamic model for a single-actuator, multi-wing deployable mechanism that accounts for joint clearances, component elasticity, and locking collisions. This model is used to analyze the influence of transient driving on the motion errors of multiple folding wings, the locking oscillation amplitude, and the complete stabilization time. Results indicate that as the driving force and transient deployment speed increase, all dynamic performance characteristics are notably affected. Specifically, raising the transient driving force from 3000 to 7000 N leads to a maximum increase of 60.8% in oscillation amplitude and 78.4% in stabilization time. By comparing the results of the prototype experiment with the theoretical model, it is found that the errors of the maximum locking oscillation amplitude and the complete stabilization time for the three groups of folding wings are all within the acceptable range, which verifies the theoretical model. These findings advance the theoretical understanding of transient deployment dynamics and locking oscillations in high-speed deployable mechanisms.