Three Dimensional P-doped graphene synthesized by eco-friendly chemical vapor deposition for oxygen reduction reactions

Heteroatom doping provides possibilities for changing the electronic properties of graphene. Three Dimensional P-doped graphene (3DPG) was fabricated via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using nickel foam as template and triphenylphosphine (TPP) as C and P sources simultaneously without using toxic organic solvent as carrier liquid. The invasion of P atoms into graphene networks make them non-electroneutral and consequently favor the adsorption of oxygen and O-O bond cleavage due to the charge polarization increase of the P-C bond. Thus, the as-prepared 3DPG served as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Additionally, the 3D porous structure is favorable for the mass transfer of electrolytes ions, hence 3DPG exhibit better electrocatalytic activity, long-term stability, and tolerance to crossover effect of methanol than pristine 3D graphene and Pt/C for ORR.