Thermodynamic and kinetic mechanism of interfacial reactions between several industrial oxide refractory ceramics and Vit 105 amorphous alloy melt

Zr-based amorphous alloys are pivotal for structural applications, yet interfacial reactions with refractory ceramics during vacuum induction melting (VIM) remain underexplored, critically limiting large-scale and high-quality production. The reaction mechanisms between Zr-based melts and five industrial refractory oxide ceramics (Al₂O₃, MgO, ZrO₂, Y₂O₃and SiO₂) were revealed, aiming to guide industrial optimization. VIM experiments, combined with oxygen detection, in-situ wettability measurements, and SEM-EDS characterization were conducted to quantified impurity element diffusion. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses were employed to interpret interfacial behaviors. The established thermodynamic framework and kinetics model enable prediction of reaction layer formation and impurity contents under varying VIM process parameters. Furthermore, capillary-driven infiltration was theoretically analyzed, and melt-induced ceramic erosion was quantified via numerical simulation of convection. These findings provide a universal framework for interfacial engineering in reactive alloy systems, guiding industrial metallurgy procedures to produce high-quality amorphous alloys.