Thermodynamic analysis of a novel trans-critical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system based on 13X zeolite temperature swing adsorption

As a promising large-scale physical energy storage technology, the main challenge of compressed CO₂ energy storage currently is the issue of low-pressure CO₂ high-density storage. To address that issue, a novel trans-critical compressed CO₂ energy storage system based on 13X zeolite variable temperature adsorption (TSA-TC-CCES) is proposed in this paper. Based on the principle of 13X zeolite adsorption gas storage, combined with the temperature swing adsorption (TSA) method and contact heat exchange scheme, it realizes low-pressure CO₂ high-density storage and real-time internal circulation of heat. Under the design conditions, the adsorption tower volume, system round-trip efficiency, energy storage density, energy efficiency, and energy cycle efficiency are 360.55 m³, 89.19%, 6.29 kW ⋅ h/m³, 70.8%, and 93.53%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis results indicate that energy storage density and round-trip efficiency decrease with increasing adsorption temperature while growing with increasing desorption temperature. The increase in storage pressure positively affects energy storage density, while the increasing storage temperature harms energy storage density. The release pressure at the critical point causes abrupt changes in system performance.