Thermal treatment and ammoniacal leaching for the recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries

Yongming Chen; Nannan Liu; Fang Hu; Longgang Ye; Yan Xi; Shenghai Yang

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.024

Thermal treatment and ammoniacal leaching for the recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries

Yongming Chen
, Nannan Liu
, Fang Hu
, Longgang Ye
, Yan Xi
, Shenghai Yang^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Central South University
Hunan University of Technology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

201 Scopus citations

Abstract

The recycling of spent commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) generates numerous environmental and economic benefits. In this research, a thermal treatment-ammoniacal leaching process is proposed to recover valuable metals from cathode active powder. Based on the thermal behavior by TG-DSC analysis, the cathode active powder is calcined at 300 °C and 550 °C in air atmosphere, and the crystalline phase characterization indicates that a new phase of Co₃O₄ appears in the cathode active powder calcined at 550 °C, which signifies that the layer structure of LiCoO₂ collapses. The valence of manganese increases to form Li₄Mn₅O₁₂ in spinel structure of LiMn₂O₄. Using calcined cathode powder as feed material, ammoniacal leaching is carried out in (NH₄)₂SO₄ -(NH₄)₂SO₃ solution. Under the optimum conditions, Ni, Co, Mn and Li can be completely leached out with efficiencies of 98%, 81%, 92% and 98%, respectively. However, with the increase of ammonia concentration, the leaching efficiency of Mn decreases dramatically to 4% due to the formation of double salts. It is found that Co and Mn can be precipitated into residues in the form of (NH₄)₂Co(SO₄)₂·H₂O, (NH₄)₂Mn(SO₃)₂·H₂O and (NH₄)₂Mn(SO₄)₂·6H₂O under different leaching parameters. Based on the corresponding relationship between the leaching efficiency and phase evolution of object element, selective leaching can be achieved by controlling the formation of double salts.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	469-476
Number of pages	8
Journal	Waste Management
Volume	75
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.024
State	Published - May 2018
Externally published	Yes

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

Ammoniacal leaching
Cathode active powder
Double salts
Spent Li-ion batteries
Thermal treatment

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10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.024

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title = "Thermal treatment and ammoniacal leaching for the recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries",

abstract = "The recycling of spent commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) generates numerous environmental and economic benefits. In this research, a thermal treatment-ammoniacal leaching process is proposed to recover valuable metals from cathode active powder. Based on the thermal behavior by TG-DSC analysis, the cathode active powder is calcined at 300 °C and 550 °C in air atmosphere, and the crystalline phase characterization indicates that a new phase of Co3O4 appears in the cathode active powder calcined at 550 °C, which signifies that the layer structure of LiCoO2 collapses. The valence of manganese increases to form Li4Mn5O12 in spinel structure of LiMn2O4. Using calcined cathode powder as feed material, ammoniacal leaching is carried out in (NH4)2SO4 -(NH4)2SO3 solution. Under the optimum conditions, Ni, Co, Mn and Li can be completely leached out with efficiencies of 98\%, 81\%, 92\% and 98\%, respectively. However, with the increase of ammonia concentration, the leaching efficiency of Mn decreases dramatically to 4\% due to the formation of double salts. It is found that Co and Mn can be precipitated into residues in the form of (NH4)2Co(SO4)2·H2O, (NH4)2Mn(SO3)2·H2O and (NH4)2Mn(SO4)2·6H2O under different leaching parameters. Based on the corresponding relationship between the leaching efficiency and phase evolution of object element, selective leaching can be achieved by controlling the formation of double salts.",

keywords = "Ammoniacal leaching, Cathode active powder, Double salts, Spent Li-ion batteries, Thermal treatment",

author = "Yongming Chen and Nannan Liu and Fang Hu and Longgang Ye and Yan Xi and Shenghai Yang",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Elsevier Ltd",

year = "2018",

month = may,

doi = "10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.024",

language = "英语",

volume = "75",

pages = "469--476",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Thermal treatment and ammoniacal leaching for the recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries

AU - Chen, Yongming

AU - Liu, Nannan

AU - Hu, Fang

AU - Ye, Longgang

AU - Xi, Yan

AU - Yang, Shenghai

PY - 2018/5

Y1 - 2018/5

N2 - The recycling of spent commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) generates numerous environmental and economic benefits. In this research, a thermal treatment-ammoniacal leaching process is proposed to recover valuable metals from cathode active powder. Based on the thermal behavior by TG-DSC analysis, the cathode active powder is calcined at 300 °C and 550 °C in air atmosphere, and the crystalline phase characterization indicates that a new phase of Co3O4 appears in the cathode active powder calcined at 550 °C, which signifies that the layer structure of LiCoO2 collapses. The valence of manganese increases to form Li4Mn5O12 in spinel structure of LiMn2O4. Using calcined cathode powder as feed material, ammoniacal leaching is carried out in (NH4)2SO4 -(NH4)2SO3 solution. Under the optimum conditions, Ni, Co, Mn and Li can be completely leached out with efficiencies of 98%, 81%, 92% and 98%, respectively. However, with the increase of ammonia concentration, the leaching efficiency of Mn decreases dramatically to 4% due to the formation of double salts. It is found that Co and Mn can be precipitated into residues in the form of (NH4)2Co(SO4)2·H2O, (NH4)2Mn(SO3)2·H2O and (NH4)2Mn(SO4)2·6H2O under different leaching parameters. Based on the corresponding relationship between the leaching efficiency and phase evolution of object element, selective leaching can be achieved by controlling the formation of double salts.

AB - The recycling of spent commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) generates numerous environmental and economic benefits. In this research, a thermal treatment-ammoniacal leaching process is proposed to recover valuable metals from cathode active powder. Based on the thermal behavior by TG-DSC analysis, the cathode active powder is calcined at 300 °C and 550 °C in air atmosphere, and the crystalline phase characterization indicates that a new phase of Co3O4 appears in the cathode active powder calcined at 550 °C, which signifies that the layer structure of LiCoO2 collapses. The valence of manganese increases to form Li4Mn5O12 in spinel structure of LiMn2O4. Using calcined cathode powder as feed material, ammoniacal leaching is carried out in (NH4)2SO4 -(NH4)2SO3 solution. Under the optimum conditions, Ni, Co, Mn and Li can be completely leached out with efficiencies of 98%, 81%, 92% and 98%, respectively. However, with the increase of ammonia concentration, the leaching efficiency of Mn decreases dramatically to 4% due to the formation of double salts. It is found that Co and Mn can be precipitated into residues in the form of (NH4)2Co(SO4)2·H2O, (NH4)2Mn(SO3)2·H2O and (NH4)2Mn(SO4)2·6H2O under different leaching parameters. Based on the corresponding relationship between the leaching efficiency and phase evolution of object element, selective leaching can be achieved by controlling the formation of double salts.

KW - Ammoniacal leaching

KW - Cathode active powder

KW - Double salts

KW - Spent Li-ion batteries

KW - Thermal treatment

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85046019636

U2 - 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.024

DO - 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.024

M3 - 文章

C2 - 29478957

AN - SCOPUS:85046019636

SN - 0956-053X

VL - 75

SP - 469

EP - 476

JO - Waste Management

JF - Waste Management

ER -

Thermal treatment and ammoniacal leaching for the recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

UN SDGs

Keywords

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