The preparation of Co₉S₈ and CoS₂ nanoparticles by a high energy ball-milling method and their electrochemical hydrogen storage properties

Two different Co-S compounds with enhanced hydrogen storage properties, Co₉S₈ and CoS₂, were prepared by ball-milling mixtures of Co metal and S powder. X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to show that specific molar ratios of Co:S and ball-milling speeds and times result in pure Co ₉S₈ and CoS₂, thus overcoming a long-standing inability to obtain pure Co-S compounds via ball-milling. A galvanostatic charge-discharge process and cyclic voltammetry measurements showed that the as-obtained Co₉S₈ and CoS₂ nanoparticles have enhanced electrochemical hydrogen storage capacities of 1.79 and 1.57 wt% hydrogen, respectively, which are higher than those previously reported. In addition, based on the corresponding X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry measurements, a new electrochemical hydrogen storage mechanism for the two Co-S compounds was proposed and discussed.