The effects of magnetic/nonmagnetic hybrid nanoparticles on the dynamic of Boger fluid over a coaxial disk

This article addresses the dynamics of Boger fluid due to the coaxial disk and explores the effects of mono and hybrid nanoparticles. A homogeneous suspension of nanosized particles in water as the base fluid is assumed, and the Lorentz force is used with a non-Newtonian fluid. The intensification of nanoparticle-assisted thermal transport of basic fluids has drawn our attention to enhancing thermal conductivity in biomedical and engineering fields. The similarity transformation is functionalized to approach the partial differential equations in ordinary differential form, but the boundary layer approximation is used only for the governing flow. For numerical results, we considered the Keller-box method as a tool for numerical simulation to obtain the flow field of velocity, heat, and volume friction profile. It is observed that the twisting behavior of the Hartmann number for axial velocity and skin friction goes up near the lower disk but moves downward near the upper disk. Additionally, the axial velocity is enhanced on the lower disk and moves downward on the upper disk for all discussed parameters, but the temperature profile is boosted as the nanoparticle concentration level in fluids increases. The main findings consistently indicate that magnetic hybrid nanoparticles outperform both mono and nonmagnetic nanoparticles in terms of performance.