The effect of the check dam on the sediment transport and control in debris flow events

The implementation of check dams serves as a crucial measure in mitigating debris flow events, effectively stabilizing sediments and diminishing the magnitude of such occurrences. However, less attention has been paid to the fact that intact check dams also promote the release of sediment downstream, and the sediment control mechanism of the check dam during debris flow has not been clearly elucidated. In this study, according to the field survey data of the typical check dam and its surrounding sediment in Chutou Gully, several numerical flume models are built to explore the variation of the fluid kinetic energy and sediment alteration under the different channel gradients and different check dam setting patterns. An improved evaluation index for sediment transport of the check dam, DEI_total, is put forward to evaluate the sediment control efficiency of the established flume models. The results show the influence range of the check dam can be generally divided into positive and negative regions. The positive regions effectively intercept sediment, while the negative regions enhance the fluid erosion on sediment and promote the release of sediment. Both the positive and negative regions of the check dam are affected by the channel gradient and dam height. In addition, with the increase in sediment diameter, the resistance of sediment to fluid erosion is significantly improved.