Temperature-swing adsorption-enhanced CO₂ storage in 13× zeolite-based CCES systems: experimental validation and multi-parameter optimisation

Low-pressure CO₂ storage is a key challenge for compressed CO₂ energy storage (CCES) systems. In this study, a dynamic model of a 13×-zeolite temperature-swing adsorption tower was developed and experimentally validated to investigate the heat- and mass-transfer behavior, cyclic repeatability, pressure-drop characteristics, and system-level implications of adsorption-enhanced CO₂ storage. The simulation results show that desorption is governed by the axial propagation of the temperature front. Increasing the inlet molar flow rate accelerates desorption but broadens the temperature front and slightly decreases adsorbent utilization. Increasing the desorption temperature from 140 °C to 200 °C raises the effective CO₂ storage density from 72.3 to 96.5 g/L. When the bed-level results are further applied to the reference 1 .44 MW/2.89 MWh CCES system, the required low-pressure adsorption-tower volume decreases from 497.93 to 373.06 m³, the net power output increases from 1218.43 to 1443.07 kW, and the round-trip efficiency increases from 75.04% to 88.88%. The corrected installed cost per unit power decreases from 1560.44 to 1233.94 $/kW. Heat-matching analysis further indicates that recoverable compression heat can provide a substantial fraction of the desorption heating duty, but additional heat input is required for the investigated 140–200 °C desorption-temperature range. Overall, these findings reveal the feasibility of adsorption-enhanced low-pressure CO₂ storage and provide design and control guidance for thermally integrated CCES systems.