Temperature-Dependent Microstructure Evolution and Superplastic Deformation Behavior of Cold-Deformed Cr4Mo4Ni4V Martensitic Steel: From Continuous to Discontinuous Dynamic Recrystallization

To elucidate the evolution of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanisms in cold-worked Cr4Mo4Ni4V martensitic steel, tensile tests were conducted on a 50% cold-deformed material at 600–850 °C at a fixed strain rate of 0.001 s⁻¹, combined with systematic microstructural characterization. Under this specific strain rate, the results reveal a temperature-dependent transition from continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) to discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX). At 600 °C, CDRX dominates, producing recrystallized grains with orientations close to the parent matrix and relatively strong texture. At 750 °C, CDRX and DDRX coexist, while DDRX is significantly enhanced, characterized by grain boundary nucleation and random orientations, leading to a marked reduction in texture intensity; simultaneously, the fraction of recrystallized grains and high-angle grain boundaries reaches a maximum. At 850 °C, DDRX becomes dominant. This transition in DRX mechanism governs the high-temperature plasticity, with optimal superplasticity achieved at 800 °C, corresponding to an elongation of 748%. Cavities are primarily initiated at carbide/matrix interfaces, and their growth and coalescence dominate the fracture process. These findings clarify the temperature-dependent DRX evolution and its role in regulating superplasticity, providing guidance for microstructure design and superplastic forming of martensitic steels.