Tailoring combined “soft” and “hard” piezoelectric properties in MnO2-doped (Ba,Ca)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 piezoceramics via N2 annealing

Guohui Wang; Pengrong Ren; Xiangcheng Qi; Kai Li; Lang Bian; Xin Wang; Peng Zhang; Chaowei Guo; Fangping Zhuo

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117363

Tailoring combined “soft” and “hard” piezoelectric properties in MnO₂-doped (Ba,Ca)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O₃ piezoceramics via N₂ annealing

Guohui Wang
, Pengrong Ren^*
, Xiangcheng Qi
, Kai Li
, Lang Bian
, Xin Wang
, Peng Zhang
, Chaowei Guo
, Fangping Zhuo

^*Corresponding author for this work

Xi'an University of Technology
Huizhou University
Xi'an Technological University
Xi'an Jiaotong University
Technische Universität Darmstadt

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

(Ba_1-xCa_x) (Zr_0.04Sn_0.04Ti_0.92)O₃ (BCZST)-based piezoelectric ceramics were prepared using a solid-state reaction method. The refinement of microstructure significantly enhanced the piezoelectric properties of BCZST. BCZST doped with 2 mol% MnO₂ exhibited an impressive mechanical quality factor (Q_m) of approximately 1045, mainly attributed to the suppression of extrinsic domain switching contributions. However, the MnO₂ doping also resulted in a reduction of the piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) to 144 pC/N. Notably, annealing the BCZST + 2 mol% MnO₂ in nitrogen led to the coexistence of multiple phases and increased the intrinsic contribution from polarization rotation. This treatment optimized both the hard and soft piezoelectric properties, yielding a Q_m of 721 and a d₃₃ of 220 pC/N. Our multiscale defect-engineering strategy presents a valuable approach for the design of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with enhanced hardening effects suitable for high-power applications.

Original language	English
Article number	117363
Journal	Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Volume	45
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117363
State	Published - Aug 2025
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Electromechanical properties
Grain size
N annealing
Piezoelectric ceramics

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10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117363

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title = "Tailoring combined {\textquotedblleft}soft{\textquotedblright} and {\textquotedblleft}hard{\textquotedblright} piezoelectric properties in MnO2-doped (Ba,Ca)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 piezoceramics via N2 annealing",

abstract = "(Ba1-xCax) (Zr0.04Sn0.04Ti0.92)O3 (BCZST)-based piezoelectric ceramics were prepared using a solid-state reaction method. The refinement of microstructure significantly enhanced the piezoelectric properties of BCZST. BCZST doped with 2 mol\% MnO2 exhibited an impressive mechanical quality factor (Qm) of approximately 1045, mainly attributed to the suppression of extrinsic domain switching contributions. However, the MnO2 doping also resulted in a reduction of the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) to 144 pC/N. Notably, annealing the BCZST + 2 mol\% MnO2 in nitrogen led to the coexistence of multiple phases and increased the intrinsic contribution from polarization rotation. This treatment optimized both the hard and soft piezoelectric properties, yielding a Qm of 721 and a d33 of 220 pC/N. Our multiscale defect-engineering strategy presents a valuable approach for the design of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with enhanced hardening effects suitable for high-power applications.",

keywords = "Electromechanical properties, Grain size, N annealing, Piezoelectric ceramics",

author = "Guohui Wang and Pengrong Ren and Xiangcheng Qi and Kai Li and Lang Bian and Xin Wang and Peng Zhang and Chaowei Guo and Fangping Zhuo",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 Elsevier Ltd",

year = "2025",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117363",

language = "英语",

volume = "45",

journal = "Journal of the European Ceramic Society",

issn = "0955-2219",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

number = "10",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Tailoring combined “soft” and “hard” piezoelectric properties in MnO2-doped (Ba,Ca)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 piezoceramics via N2 annealing

AU - Wang, Guohui

AU - Ren, Pengrong

AU - Qi, Xiangcheng

AU - Li, Kai

AU - Bian, Lang

AU - Wang, Xin

AU - Zhang, Peng

AU - Guo, Chaowei

AU - Zhuo, Fangping

PY - 2025/8

Y1 - 2025/8

N2 - (Ba1-xCax) (Zr0.04Sn0.04Ti0.92)O3 (BCZST)-based piezoelectric ceramics were prepared using a solid-state reaction method. The refinement of microstructure significantly enhanced the piezoelectric properties of BCZST. BCZST doped with 2 mol% MnO2 exhibited an impressive mechanical quality factor (Qm) of approximately 1045, mainly attributed to the suppression of extrinsic domain switching contributions. However, the MnO2 doping also resulted in a reduction of the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) to 144 pC/N. Notably, annealing the BCZST + 2 mol% MnO2 in nitrogen led to the coexistence of multiple phases and increased the intrinsic contribution from polarization rotation. This treatment optimized both the hard and soft piezoelectric properties, yielding a Qm of 721 and a d33 of 220 pC/N. Our multiscale defect-engineering strategy presents a valuable approach for the design of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with enhanced hardening effects suitable for high-power applications.

AB - (Ba1-xCax) (Zr0.04Sn0.04Ti0.92)O3 (BCZST)-based piezoelectric ceramics were prepared using a solid-state reaction method. The refinement of microstructure significantly enhanced the piezoelectric properties of BCZST. BCZST doped with 2 mol% MnO2 exhibited an impressive mechanical quality factor (Qm) of approximately 1045, mainly attributed to the suppression of extrinsic domain switching contributions. However, the MnO2 doping also resulted in a reduction of the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) to 144 pC/N. Notably, annealing the BCZST + 2 mol% MnO2 in nitrogen led to the coexistence of multiple phases and increased the intrinsic contribution from polarization rotation. This treatment optimized both the hard and soft piezoelectric properties, yielding a Qm of 721 and a d33 of 220 pC/N. Our multiscale defect-engineering strategy presents a valuable approach for the design of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with enhanced hardening effects suitable for high-power applications.

KW - Electromechanical properties

KW - Grain size

KW - N annealing

KW - Piezoelectric ceramics

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/86000767374

U2 - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117363

DO - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117363

M3 - 文章

AN - SCOPUS:86000767374

SN - 0955-2219

VL - 45

JO - Journal of the European Ceramic Society

JF - Journal of the European Ceramic Society

IS - 10

M1 - 117363

ER -

Tailoring combined “soft” and “hard” piezoelectric properties in MnO₂-doped (Ba,Ca)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O₃ piezoceramics via N₂ annealing

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Keywords

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