Swirl motion in a cylindrical bath agitated by top lance gas injection

Researches on top lance gas injection in a cylindrical bath are carried out based on water model experiments. The penetration depth of bubbles and a swirl motion are investigated because of their practical importance. Empirical equations are proposed for the penetration depth as a function of a modified Froude number. A bath surface oscillation map is drawn in order to identify the occurrence condition of the swirl motion, and then empirical equations are proposed for describing the occurrence condition of the swirl motion. The characteristics of the swirl motion are also analyzed, and empirical equations are proposed to predict starting time, period, amplitude, and damping time of the swirl motion.