Study on microstructure and properties of Zr-4/TC4 dissimilar metal electron beam welding

Junhong Zhao; Guoqing Chen; Xinyan Teng; Chen Yang; Zhanhua Gan; Likuo Zhu; Xuesong Leng

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139505

Study on microstructure and properties of Zr-4/TC4 dissimilar metal electron beam welding

Junhong Zhao
, Guoqing Chen^*
, Xinyan Teng
, Chen Yang
, Zhanhua Gan
, Likuo Zhu
, Xuesong Leng

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Materials Science and Engineering

Harbin Institute of Technology
Harbin Institute of Technology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Microstructure and properties of joints produced by electron beam direct welding and beam offset welding of Zr-4 and TC4 are investigated. The microstructure of the fusion zone in both types of joints mainly consists of β phase and α’ martensite. A 30-μm reaction layer composed of α phase is detected near the Zr-4 fusion line in direct-welded specimens. The reaction layer exhibits relatively low hardness and tensile strength. Beam offset welding toward Zr-4 eliminates the reaction layer, increasing the tensile strength of the joint from 437 MPa to 563 MPa, which is close to that of Zr-4 base metal.

Original language	English
Article number	139505
Journal	Materials Letters
Volume	403
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139505
State	Published - 15 Jan 2026

Keywords

Electron Beam Welding
Mechanical Properties
Reaction Layer
TC4
Zr-4

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10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139505

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title = "Study on microstructure and properties of Zr-4/TC4 dissimilar metal electron beam welding",

abstract = "Microstructure and properties of joints produced by electron beam direct welding and beam offset welding of Zr-4 and TC4 are investigated. The microstructure of the fusion zone in both types of joints mainly consists of β phase and α{\textquoteright} martensite. A 30-μm reaction layer composed of α phase is detected near the Zr-4 fusion line in direct-welded specimens. The reaction layer exhibits relatively low hardness and tensile strength. Beam offset welding toward Zr-4 eliminates the reaction layer, increasing the tensile strength of the joint from 437 MPa to 563 MPa, which is close to that of Zr-4 base metal.",

keywords = "Electron Beam Welding, Mechanical Properties, Reaction Layer, TC4, Zr-4",

author = "Junhong Zhao and Guoqing Chen and Xinyan Teng and Chen Yang and Zhanhua Gan and Likuo Zhu and Xuesong Leng",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2026",

month = jan,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139505",

language = "英语",

volume = "403",

journal = "Materials Letters",

issn = "0167-577X",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Study on microstructure and properties of Zr-4/TC4 dissimilar metal electron beam welding

AU - Zhao, Junhong

AU - Chen, Guoqing

AU - Teng, Xinyan

AU - Yang, Chen

AU - Gan, Zhanhua

AU - Zhu, Likuo

AU - Leng, Xuesong

PY - 2026/1/15

Y1 - 2026/1/15

N2 - Microstructure and properties of joints produced by electron beam direct welding and beam offset welding of Zr-4 and TC4 are investigated. The microstructure of the fusion zone in both types of joints mainly consists of β phase and α’ martensite. A 30-μm reaction layer composed of α phase is detected near the Zr-4 fusion line in direct-welded specimens. The reaction layer exhibits relatively low hardness and tensile strength. Beam offset welding toward Zr-4 eliminates the reaction layer, increasing the tensile strength of the joint from 437 MPa to 563 MPa, which is close to that of Zr-4 base metal.

AB - Microstructure and properties of joints produced by electron beam direct welding and beam offset welding of Zr-4 and TC4 are investigated. The microstructure of the fusion zone in both types of joints mainly consists of β phase and α’ martensite. A 30-μm reaction layer composed of α phase is detected near the Zr-4 fusion line in direct-welded specimens. The reaction layer exhibits relatively low hardness and tensile strength. Beam offset welding toward Zr-4 eliminates the reaction layer, increasing the tensile strength of the joint from 437 MPa to 563 MPa, which is close to that of Zr-4 base metal.

KW - Electron Beam Welding

KW - Mechanical Properties

KW - Reaction Layer

KW - TC4

KW - Zr-4

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105015674448

U2 - 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139505

DO - 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139505

M3 - 文章

AN - SCOPUS:105015674448

SN - 0167-577X

VL - 403

JO - Materials Letters

JF - Materials Letters

M1 - 139505

ER -

Study on microstructure and properties of Zr-4/TC4 dissimilar metal electron beam welding

Abstract

Keywords

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