Source mechanism of kHz microseismic events recorded in multiple boreholes at the first EGS Collab testbed

Continuous microseismic monitoring using three-component (3C) accelerometers deployed in multiple boreholes allows for tracking the detailed evaluation of mesoscale (∼10 m scale) fracture growth during the fracture stimulation experiments at the first Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) Collab testbed. Building on a well-constrained microseismic event catalog, we invert for moment tensor of the events to better understand the fracture geometry and stress orientations. However, it is challenging because of the unknown orientation of 3C accelerometers and low signal-to-noise-ratio nature of high-frequency (several kHz) monitoring. To address these challenges, we first perform the hodogram analysis on the continuous active-source seismic monitoring (CASSM) data to determine the orientations of the 18 3C accelerometers. We then apply the principal component analysis (PCA) to the observed microseismic waveforms to improve the signal-to-noise ratios. We perform a grid search for the full moment tensor by fitting the PCA-denoised waveforms at a frequency range of 5 to 8 kHz. The moment tensor results show both the creation of hydraulic fractures and the reactivation of natural fractures during the hydraulic stimulations. Our stress inversion based on the inverted moment tensors reveals the alteration of stress regime caused by hydraulic fracture stimulations.