Simultaneous incorporation of magnesium and fluorine ions in hydroxyapatite coatings on metallic implant for osseointegration and stability

In orthopedic medical engineering, there are two main concerns regarding the application of implants: short-term osseointegration and long-term stability. Osseointegration is the stable anchorage of an implant achieved by direct bone-to-implant contact [1]. Stability refers to a long-term service life of the implant with the ability to carry and sustain the static and dynamic loads [2]. It is obviously very important to achieve both of them within the shortest possible healing time and with a very small failure rate.