Simulation of Passive Millimeter-Wave Monitoring Imaging for Civil Aircraft

Passive millimeter-wave (PMMW) imaging can operate under all-weather low visibility conditions such as fog, haze, clouds, smoke, and sandstorms, and is an important auxiliary method for detecting aircraft in the air. However, the description of the millimeter-wave radiation characteristics of aircraft at different distances and directions in typical aerial scenarios is still insufficient. This paper models and analyzes the detection capability of PMMW imaging for civil aircraft at multiple distances and angles under different flight altitudes and observation angles through computational simulation. The ray-tracing method is used to simulate PMMW imaging in typical observation scenarios. The simulation results reveal the influence of observation distance and pitch angle on the brightness temperature difference. These findings have important reference value for designing new aerial target detection systems and aircraft detection methods.