Self-Limiting Assembly of Au Nanoparticles Induced by Localized Dynamic Metal-Phenolic Interactions

Dynamic nanoparticle assembly represents an important platform for the creation of functional materials with stimuli-responsive properties. In this work, we show that small Au nanoparticles (ca. 5 nm) with mixed surface ligands (citrates and tannic acid) may be assembled into quasi-sphere-like superstructures (ca. 50 nm) induced by the presence of ferric ions. The spontaneous self-limiting assembly is enabled by the localized metal-phenolic interactions as a result of the possible phase separation of citrates and tannic acid on the surface of Au nanoparticles, restricting the growth of ionic cross-linking network. The disassembly may be further achieved by adding ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as a stronger chelation ligand for ferric ions, allowing the reversible assembly and disassembly of Au nanoparticles. Our results provide new insights into the design of dynamic plasmonic assemblies by manipulating the nature of surface ligands.