Security and privacy in industrial cyber-physical systems: Concerns, challenges, and countermeasures

Security and privacy issues arise along with the research and development of industrial cyber-physical systems (ICPSs). Plenty of risk sources have been introduced into such systems due to insufficient consideration at the design stage and a lack of standards in various task scenarios in the new industrial ecology. Facing these phenomena, this chapter starts from a fundamental understanding of the importance of privacy and security, by exploring the basic principles, emerging challenges, and effective strategies. By looking into the integration of the physical and digital components that form the ICPS environments, we emphasize the critical need for countermeasures against various threats. The potential consequences of security incidents and privacy breaches are then discussed, followed by an analysis of their impact on physical infrastructure, operational continuity, sensitive data, and public safety. Furthermore, the chapter emphasizes that addressing these concerns requires a multifaceted approach. We explore various security measures, including access control, authentication, secure communication protocols, and intrusion detection and prevention systems, while also addressing privacy considerations, such as data collection practices and privacy-preserving techniques. This chapter tries to provide professionals, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers with insights and practical guidance to effectively safeguard the ICPS environments, promoting the reliable and secure operation of these systems.