Runner-ice friction models for winter olympic bobsleigh

Bobsleigh, a quintessential team winter sport, involves high-velocity ice traversal on meticulously crafted tracks. Understanding the friction between the runner and ice surface is crucial for grasping the sport's dynamics. In this investigation, we introduce an advanced dynamic model that captures the complex relationship between friction, bobsleigh velocity, side slip angle, and the load on the ice surface. We also introduce a novel testing system for runner-ice mechanical property, which accurately simulates real-world bobsleigh conditions through its modular test rig and comprehensive measurement approach. Through precise coefficient identification for the model's unknown parameters, we enhanced the model's predictive accuracy and refinement. The results showed R-squared values of 0.967 for the lateral model and 0.942 for the longitudinal model.