Role of health extension workers in the relationship between vector control interventions and malaria in Ethiopia

Background: Despite a tremendous decline in the burden of malaria through public health interventions, it is yet remains a critical parasitic health problem in Ethiopia. Insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spray are considered as the most effective preventive interventions against malaria. This study intended to determine the role of health extension workers in influencing the relationship between vector control strategies and malaria prevalence in Ethiopia. Methods: The study adopted a descriptive study based on panel data collected from 10 regions of Ethiopia from 2010 to 2018. The data collected were analyzed using STATA version 13.0. Structural equation modelling was used to assess the mediating effect of health extension workers in the relationship. Further, the random effect model was employed to investigate the direct relationship among the study variables. Results: We observed a strong mediating role of health extension workers to the relationship between strategic interventions and malaria prevalence, where the direct path is (β = 0.64, p < 0.05), and the indirect path (β = 0.72, p < 0.001) and (β = 0.98, p < 0.001) confirming the mediation condition to appear. Our analysis revealed that, insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spray significantly impacts the malaria prevalence (β = 0.20, p < 0.05) and (β = 0.70, p < 0.001) respectively. Further, our analysis suggests that the cumulative effect of indoor residual spray and insecticide-treated mosquito nets have helped better avert malaria prevalence (β = 81.3%, P < 0.05). Moreover, the finding demonstrates the incremental rate of 30.2%, which is the indirect effect of the research [(β = 0.813) - (β1 = 0.511)]. Conclusion: The findings are potentially useful for the health sector in charge of infectious disease prevention and control, particularly in developing countries explaining how these group provided support to reduce malaria ensuring the provision of proper health message about the program.