Resource Allocation in Vehicle-Aided MIoT: How to Enhance Energy Efficiency in Packet Uploading?

Massive Internet of Things (MIoT) devices in the areas without cellular networks have difficulties transmitting data to the network. Since the vehicles have sufficient energy resources and the number of vehicles is high, vehicles passing through these areas can collect MIoT data and relay data to the cellular networks. In this paper, considering the limited energy resources of MIoT devices, we formulate an Energy Efficiency of Packet Uploading (EEPU) Maximization strategy to help MIoT devices upload more packets with less energy consumption to the vehicle. Also, considering the uncertainty of the vehicle arrival, we control the packet forwarding rate between devices to achieve the goal of MIoT device queue stability. The above optimization problem can be solved by the proposed EEPU Maximization Algorithm. Numerical results show that the energy efficiency of the proposed strategy is superior to other strategies, and our proposed strategy can allow a higher packet forwarding rate on the premise of ensuring queue stability.