Resilient Distributed Frequency Regulation for Interconnected Power Systems With PEVs and Wind Turbines Against Temporary PMU Faults

The increasing integration of renewable energies, while beneficial for environmental and economic sustainability through decarbonization, poses challenges to frequency stability due to the intermittent nature of renewable power supply. To facilitate smoother integration into the main grid, this study proposes a resilient distributed load frequency control (RDLFC) strategy with a hierarchical structure. At the lower level, wind energy integration is managed using a model predictive control framework enhanced by an improved event-triggered scheme, which can effectively trigger key feedback signals at critical points and tolerates imperfect event modeling and generator dysfunctions. Plug-in electric vehicles are also utilized for fast frequency regulation. At the higher level, the linearized model is improved with an uncertain parameter matrix to account for variations in steady-state operating points due to renewable integration. A robust performance index is incorporated to derive stability conditions, even in the presence of temporary faults in phasor measurement units (PMUs). Validation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed RDLFC strategy in handling temporary PMU faults.