Resilience assessment for urban high-rise buildings subjected to typhoon-induced wind and rain hazards

High-rise buildings in coastal cities are susceptible to typhoon-induced physical damage and functional disruptions. While existing studies have primarily focused on typhoon-induced damage, downtime and financial losses, explicit modelling of time-dependent functional recovery and the quantification of resilience for high-rise buildings remain limited. This study proposes a resilience assessment method for high-rise buildings subjected to typhoon-induced wind and rain hazards, which includes progressive damage assessments for cladding and building interior as well as a functional recovery model to simulate the time-dependent functionality of individual floors and the entire building considering practical repair sequences and available resources. The proposed method enables multi-hazard and simulation-based assessments for physical damage, functionality, recovery and resilience of urban high-rise buildings accounting for uncertainties in wind and rain hazards, building loads and resistances, and functional recovery processes. Its applicability is demonstrated through a case study of a prototype high-rise office building with glass cladding in Shenzhen, China. It was found that the building is most likely to exhibit satisfactory performance and sufficient typhoon resilience, however, consistent with post-typhoon damage observations, there remains a small likelihood of extensive damage, severe functional loss, months-long recovery, and markedly reduced resilience, particularly under Category 5 typhoons.