Research on the wind-induced internal and net pressure with openings on the cylindrical roof based on the covariance integration method

Openings on the cylindrical roof induce large negative internal pressure, making the building’s envelope claddings unsafe. This study investigates the internal pressure response with varying internal volumes, opening areas, model scales, wind velocities, inflow turbulences, and Reynolds numbers. Results show that the large negative internal pressure may be induced by the single opening at the roof corner and top. Increasing opening area, wind velocity, and inflow turbulence or decreasing internal volume can make the internal pressure coefficient enlarge. No significant scaling effect or Reynolds effect exists in the internal pressure response. Testing internal pressures at most wind azimuths have largely exceeded the design value of ASCE 7–22. In order to estimate these dangerous internal and corresponding net pressures, the covariance integration method is introduced to develop non-dimensional design formulas of influence factors (β¯[jls-end-space/],β˜[jls-end-space/]). Ratios of internal to external pressure and their correlations can be described by the covariance integration method. Peak internal and net pressures can be satisfactorily estimated by measured external pressures and designed influence factors with errors within 10%.