Research on emergency material warehouse location and inventory prepositioning planning for pre-disaster response

Pre-disaster emergency material warehouse location and inventory prepositioning are critical for enhancing rescue efficiency. However, existing studies usually inadequately address realistic geographic conditions, disaster risk, strategically significant points, multiple-size coverage, and multiple uncertainties, resulting in inefficient resource allocation. Therefore, we propose a multiple-size emergency material warehouse location and inventory prepositioning planning model. The model establishes a multiple-size coverage network comprising level I, level II, and level III warehouses, and integrates strategically significant points, transportation accessibility, terrain complexity, and disaster risk to optimize the locations. Furthermore, the model introduces a dual-budget uncertainty set to handle the dual fluctuations in cost and demand, and solves the model by incorporating the epsilon-constraint method and the Benders decomposition algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves higher coverage level and material storage in different budget, which effectively achieves the goal of maximum ratio outputs and inputs. Secondly, the model dynamically adjusts the construction levels and inventory of warehouses to flexibly respond to fluctuations in demand and cost. Compared to the traditional single-level model, our model effectively eliminates coverage holes. Finally, the Benders decomposition algorithm outperforms other algorithms in terms of coverage level, cost, and solution time.