Research of metal flow during extrusion process under different friction conditions by deforming area division

Numerical simulations and experiments were employed to investigate the mechanical mechanism of the extrusion process with active friction. The characteristic quantities such as the second invariant of the deviatoric stress tensor (J₂) and Lode parameter (μ) were employed for the division of deformation area. The results show that when extruded with active friction, no metal flow interface formed at the container bottom, the dead metal zone completely disappeared, the deformation types of the metal in the plastic deformation area changed from three types to a type of tension, and the homogeneity of the deformation as well as metal flow are greatly improved, which will be helpful for extruding and promoting the quality of extrudates.