Real-time identification of severe heat loads over external interface of lightweight thermal protection system

The lightweight thermal protection system (LTPS) is typically employed on the exterior surface of high-speed aircraft to prevent the penetration of high-temperature heat flux. The sequential function specification method (SFSM) is exploited in this study to solve the inverse issue in anticipation of the external-surface heating conditions of a lightweight thermal protection system by entering temperature data at a single measurement station. The results show that the inversion accuracy is significantly dependent on the temperature acquisition position as well as the forecast time step. Adding noise to the temperature data reveals that temperature noise aggravates the volatility of the inverse heat flux, necessitating an increase in the forecast time step to enhance the inverse accuracy. The experiment of a light thermal protection system demonstrates that the approach can efficiently and correctly recover the boundary heat flux by employing the inner wall temperature of the thermal protection structure.