Progress in beamforming acoustic imaging based on phased microphone arrays: Algorithms and applications

Beamforming acoustic imaging technology, utilizing phased microphone arrays, enables precise sound source localization and finds widespread application in aerodynamic wind tunnel testing, acoustic signal recognition, and mechanical fault diagnosis. This paper presents a comprehensive review of beamforming evolution, detailing its mathematical foundations and diverse applications in acoustic imaging. Various beamforming methodologies are critically analyzed using wind tunnel test data, and an overview of correction methods for external interferences and array optimization approaches is provided. Through this examination, the strengths and limitations of each method are highlighted, offering insights for future research. Additionally, potential future enhancements, including paradigm-shift approaches to advance beamforming capabilities, are explored, suggesting directions for further innovation. This review aims to establish a foundation for newcomers to the field, stimulate academic discussion, and drive ongoing research in acoustic imaging. By elucidating beamforming complexities, correction methods, and optimization techniques, this study seeks to enhance collective knowledge and support continued advancements in this technology.