Programmable Shape Recovery Onset Temperatures via Phase-Separated Dual-Network Polymers

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are promising for soft robotics and artificial muscles, yet their applicability is largely limited by their recovery onset temperature (T_on). However, conventional T_on regulation relies on compositional changes or complex post-treatments, hindering the integration of multiple, precisely defined T_on within one system. Here, we present a simple strategy to continuously tune T_on (28°C–85°C) by controlling phase structures in chemical fixed dual-network polymers via polymerization-induced phase separation (PIPS). Furthermore, digital light processing (DLP) enables spatial programming of T_on within a single material, allowing the fabrication of fiber actuators with programmable energy release, exhibiting a fourfold difference in release rate and stable performance over 120 cycles. This work provides a new route for designing SMP-based intelligent actuators, soft robotics, and adaptive systems.