Preparation, properties and toughing mechanisms of carbon nanotubes reinforced ceramic matrix composites

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) demonstrate exceptional properties and their unique tubular structures are believed to be the ultimate reinforcement in composites. The mechanical and physical properties of brittle ceramics could be improved by incorporating CNTs in the matrix. The preparation process for dispersion of CNTs in the ceramic matrix, sintering methods, mechanical properties, physical properties (such as electric conductivity and thermal conductivity), as well as toughing mechanisms in CNTs reinforced ceramic matrix composites were reviewed and discussed. It is proposed that the key factors for improving the perforamce characteristics of CNTs/ceramic composites are uniform distribution of CNTs, the surviving of CNTs in the micro-structures, and the interfacial bonding between CNTs and the ceramic matrix.