Preliminary study of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C for aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion batteries based on mild electrolyte

Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C was shown to be a promising cathode candidate for aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion batteries due to its high operating voltage (with an average potential of 0.95 V when cycled between 0.25-1.35 V vs. SHE) and reversible capacity. Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C delivers an intriguing initial capacity of ∼100 mAh g^-1 at 5C rates with a high mass loading of 12-16 mg cm-2, despite an electrolyte pH (i.e. 5, 7, and 9). Although the capacity fading mechanism in early cycles may require further study to enhance its stable discharge capacity in long cycles, a long cycle life may be foreseeable at this stage.