PH-Mamba: Enhancing Mamba With Position Encoding and Harmonized Attention for Image Deraining and Beyond

Mamba and its variants excel at modeling long-range dependencies with linear computational complexity, making them effective for diverse vision tasks. However, Mamba’s reliance on unfolding 1D sequential representations necessitates multiple directional scans to recover lost spatial dependencies. This introduces significant computational overhead, redundant token traversal, and inefficiencies that compromise accuracy in real-world applications. To this end, we propose PH-Mamba, a novel framework integrating position encoding and harmonized attention for image deraining and beyond. PH-Mamba transforms Mamba’s scanning process into a position-guided, unidirectional scanning that selectively prioritizes degradation-relevant tokens. Specifically, we devise a position-guided hybrid Mamba module (PHMM) that jointly encodes perturbation features alongside their spatial coordinates and harmonized representation to model consistent degradation patterns. Within PHMM, a harmonized Transformer is developed to focus on uncertain regions while suppressing noise interference, thereby improving spatial modeling fidelity. Additionally, we employ a vector decomposition and synthesis strategy to enable the unified representation layout to global degradation by directional scanning while minimizing redundancy. By cascading multiple PHMM blocks, PH-Mamba combines global positional guidance with local differential features to strengthen contextual learning. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of PH-Mamba across low-level image restoration benchmarks. For example, compared to NeRD, PH-Mamba achieves a 0.60 dB PSNR improvement while requiring 88.9% fewer parameters, 36.2% less computation, and 63.0% faster inference time.