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Overview of Medical NLP Code Generation with FHIR for Clinical Trial Screening

  • Liang Tao
  • , Lan Mi
  • , Chunxiao Wu
  • , Dong Wen
  • , Buzhou Tang
  • , Xiaoyan Zhang
  • , Hui Zong*
  • , Zuofeng Li*
  • *Corresponding author for this work
  • Shanghai Business School
  • Peking University
  • Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Ltd
  • Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen
  • Tongji University
  • Sichuan University

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contributionpeer-review

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of large language model based medical NLP code generation for clinical trial eligibility screening. Using 51 criteria across 19 categories and 51 case reports, we assess systems that transform natural-language rules into FHIR-compliant structured representations and executable patient-retrieval logic. The benchmark requires participants to generate FHIR Bundles rather than only end-to-end code to promote transparency, standards alignment, and interoperability. Top-performing teams adopted strategies such as intermediate-schema decoupling, dynamic few-shot prompting, iterative refinement, structured prompt engineering, and agent-based synthesis. Results demonstrate that LLMs can generate clinically meaningful, standards-compliant code, while also highlighting the need for explicit semantic layers to ensure safety and interpretability. This task provides the first large-scale evaluation of medical NLP code generation grounded in FHIR Profiles and offers a foundation for future development of verifiable, trustworthy clinical AI systems. Additional details, datasets, and evaluation materials are available at the CHIP 2025 website: http://cips-chip.org.cn/2025/eval3.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationHealth Information Processing - 11th China Health Information Processing Conference, CHIP 2025, Proceedings
EditorsYanchun Zhang, Qingcai Chen, Buzhou Tang, Hongfei Lin, Bo Jin, Lei Liu, Tianyong Hao, Zhengxing Huang
PublisherSpringer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Pages549-558
Number of pages10
ISBN (Print)9789819572984
DOIs
StatePublished - 2026
Externally publishedYes
Event11th China Health Information Processing Conference, CHIP 2025 - Dongguan, China
Duration: 22 Nov 202524 Nov 2025

Publication series

NameCommunications in Computer and Information Science
Volume2884 CCIS
ISSN (Print)1865-0929
ISSN (Electronic)1865-0937

Conference

Conference11th China Health Information Processing Conference, CHIP 2025
Country/TerritoryChina
CityDongguan
Period22/11/2524/11/25

Keywords

  • CHIP
  • Clinical trial recruitment
  • Code generation
  • FHIR
  • Large language models

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