Optimized scheduling strategy for multi-grid-forming energy storage in microgrids

As renewable energy sources are increasingly connected through grid-following (GFL) inverters, microgrids face growing challenges in maintaining stability while ensuring economical operation. This paper first analyzes the inertia composition of a microgrid with multiple grid-forming (GFM) energy storage units and derives constraints related to frequency based on load requirements. An optimization model is then developed to minimize operational expenses and maximize the integration of renewable energy, which can be solved using an optimization solver in MATLAB. Test results under three scenarios demonstrate that the power of multiple GFM energy storage units and GFL renewable energy sources can be effectively optimized by the proposed strategy. This optimization reduces overall operational costs and maintains adequate system inertia as well as reserve active power.