Optimization Design and Performance Study of Multilayer Broadband Absorbing Materials Based on Genetic Algorithm

To address the performance degradation of traditional absorbing materials under varying incident angles, this study proposes an optimization design method for multilayer absorbing materials based on genetic algorithms, aiming to enhance broadband absorption performance under multi-Angle incidence. The optimization is conducted in the frequency range of 0.1 GHz to 10 GHz, where an optimization model for multilayer absorbing materials is established. The design variables include the thickness and type of each layer, with constraints on the total number of layers (5 layers), the total thickness (limited to 10 mm), and the thickness of each individual layer (limited to 2 mm). The objective function is defined as minimizing the reflectivity of the material to electromagnetic waves.Using a genetic algorithm to optimize the objective function, a fitness function is set to evaluate the reflection loss of the material under different incident angles, enabling the adjustment of absorption bandwidth between 0.1 GHz and 10 GHz. This approach overcomes the limitation of single materials that can only meet specific frequency ranges. Under electromagnetic wave incidence angles of 0° and 30°, the effective absorption bandwidth reaches 9.9 GHz, with pronounced absorption peaks observed at 2.7 GHz, 1.95 GHz, and 8.6 GHz, where the minimum reflection losses are-29.7 dB,-32.6 dB, and-33.2 dB, respectively.Simulation verification of the optimized design scheme was performed using the CST Microwave Studio electromagnetic simulation software. The results demonstrate that the optimized multilayer absorbing materials maintain excellent absorption performance across multiple incident angles, significantly improving the broadband absorption capability of the materials.