Optimal PMU placement for power systems considering cyber-Attack resilience

The accurate and secure operation of state estimation (SE) in power systems is increasingly threatened by cyber-Attacks, especially false data injection attacks (FDIAs). To enhance cyber-physical resilience, this paper proposes an optimized Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) placement strategy that explicitly accounts for the impact of FDIAs. A mathematical model of FDIA is constructed to evaluate the system s vulnerability under different configurations, and a hybrid SE framework combining SCADA and PMU measurements is adopted. The proposed method formulates a weighted objective function that jointly minimizes PMU installation cost, SE error, and cyber-Attack sensitivity. Case studies on the IEEE 14-bus and 57-bus systems demonstrate that the optimized PMU configurations significantly improve estimation accuracy and mitigate attack impacts. The results validate the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed strategy in achieving secure and cost-efficient PMU deployment across various network topologies.