Optimal Operation of an Off-Grid Hydrogen Production System Using Renewable Energy Based on Cooperative Game Theory

Yu Li; Pengfei Zhang; Jiandong Duan; Jian Lv

doi:10.1109/CIEEC69682.2026.11572694

Optimal Operation of an Off-Grid Hydrogen Production System Using Renewable Energy Based on Cooperative Game Theory

Yu Li
, Pengfei Zhang
, Jiandong Duan^*
, Jian Lv

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Electrical Engineering and Automation

Harbin Institute of Technology
Ltd.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

Renewable Energy Off-Grid Hydrogen Production Systems (NEOHPS) are characterized by significant source-side power fluctuations, low energy utilization efficiency, weak source-load power matching capability, and poor economic performance. Therefore, flexible load-side management is required to achieve optimal source-load coordinated operation. This paper establishes and solves an optimization model of NEOHPS incorporating a Renewable Energy Power Plant (REPP), a Shared Energy Storage Power Station (SESP), and a Load Aggregator (LA) based on cooperative game theory. Simulation results demonstrate that the integration of SESP alleviates source-load power mismatch, reduces curtailed electricity by 7.7%, and significantly improves energy utilization efficiency. Meanwhile, the net profit of REPP increases by 14.4%, and that of LA increases by 67.5%, achieving both economic and environmental benefits.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Pages	3540-3545
Number of pages	6
ISBN (Electronic)	9798331549558
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/CIEEC69682.2026.11572694
State	Published - 2026
Event	9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026 - Tianjin, China Duration: 15 May 2026 → 17 May 2026

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026

Conference

Conference	9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026
Country/Territory	China
City	Tianjin
Period	15/05/26 → 17/05/26

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

Cooperative game
New energy off-grid hydrogen production system
Optimal operation
Shared energy storage

Access to Document

10.1109/CIEEC69682.2026.11572694

Cite this

Li, Y., Zhang, P., Duan, J., & Lv, J. (2026). Optimal Operation of an Off-Grid Hydrogen Production System Using Renewable Energy Based on Cooperative Game Theory. In Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026 (pp. 3540-3545). (Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/CIEEC69682.2026.11572694

Li, Yu ; Zhang, Pengfei ; Duan, Jiandong et al. / Optimal Operation of an Off-Grid Hydrogen Production System Using Renewable Energy Based on Cooperative Game Theory. Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2026. pp. 3540-3545 (Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026).

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title = "Optimal Operation of an Off-Grid Hydrogen Production System Using Renewable Energy Based on Cooperative Game Theory",

abstract = "Renewable Energy Off-Grid Hydrogen Production Systems (NEOHPS) are characterized by significant source-side power fluctuations, low energy utilization efficiency, weak source-load power matching capability, and poor economic performance. Therefore, flexible load-side management is required to achieve optimal source-load coordinated operation. This paper establishes and solves an optimization model of NEOHPS incorporating a Renewable Energy Power Plant (REPP), a Shared Energy Storage Power Station (SESP), and a Load Aggregator (LA) based on cooperative game theory. Simulation results demonstrate that the integration of SESP alleviates source-load power mismatch, reduces curtailed electricity by 7.7\%, and significantly improves energy utilization efficiency. Meanwhile, the net profit of REPP increases by 14.4\%, and that of LA increases by 67.5\%, achieving both economic and environmental benefits.",

keywords = "Cooperative game, New energy off-grid hydrogen production system, Optimal operation, Shared energy storage",

author = "Yu Li and Pengfei Zhang and Jiandong Duan and Jian Lv",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2026 IEEE.; 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026 ; Conference date: 15-05-2026 Through 17-05-2026",

year = "2026",

doi = "10.1109/CIEEC69682.2026.11572694",

language = "英语",

series = "Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

pages = "3540--3545",

booktitle = "Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026",

address = "美国",

}

Li, Y, Zhang, P, Duan, J & Lv, J 2026, Optimal Operation of an Off-Grid Hydrogen Production System Using Renewable Energy Based on Cooperative Game Theory. in Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026. Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 3540-3545, 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026, Tianjin, China, 15/05/26. https://doi.org/10.1109/CIEEC69682.2026.11572694

Optimal Operation of an Off-Grid Hydrogen Production System Using Renewable Energy Based on Cooperative Game Theory. / Li, Yu; Zhang, Pengfei; Duan, Jiandong et al.
Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2026. p. 3540-3545 (Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Optimal Operation of an Off-Grid Hydrogen Production System Using Renewable Energy Based on Cooperative Game Theory

AU - Li, Yu

AU - Zhang, Pengfei

AU - Duan, Jiandong

AU - Lv, Jian

PY - 2026

Y1 - 2026

N2 - Renewable Energy Off-Grid Hydrogen Production Systems (NEOHPS) are characterized by significant source-side power fluctuations, low energy utilization efficiency, weak source-load power matching capability, and poor economic performance. Therefore, flexible load-side management is required to achieve optimal source-load coordinated operation. This paper establishes and solves an optimization model of NEOHPS incorporating a Renewable Energy Power Plant (REPP), a Shared Energy Storage Power Station (SESP), and a Load Aggregator (LA) based on cooperative game theory. Simulation results demonstrate that the integration of SESP alleviates source-load power mismatch, reduces curtailed electricity by 7.7%, and significantly improves energy utilization efficiency. Meanwhile, the net profit of REPP increases by 14.4%, and that of LA increases by 67.5%, achieving both economic and environmental benefits.

AB - Renewable Energy Off-Grid Hydrogen Production Systems (NEOHPS) are characterized by significant source-side power fluctuations, low energy utilization efficiency, weak source-load power matching capability, and poor economic performance. Therefore, flexible load-side management is required to achieve optimal source-load coordinated operation. This paper establishes and solves an optimization model of NEOHPS incorporating a Renewable Energy Power Plant (REPP), a Shared Energy Storage Power Station (SESP), and a Load Aggregator (LA) based on cooperative game theory. Simulation results demonstrate that the integration of SESP alleviates source-load power mismatch, reduces curtailed electricity by 7.7%, and significantly improves energy utilization efficiency. Meanwhile, the net profit of REPP increases by 14.4%, and that of LA increases by 67.5%, achieving both economic and environmental benefits.

KW - Cooperative game

KW - New energy off-grid hydrogen production system

KW - Optimal operation

KW - Shared energy storage

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T3 - Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026

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BT - Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026

PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

T2 - 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026

Y2 - 15 May 2026 through 17 May 2026

ER -

Li Y, Zhang P, Duan J, Lv J. Optimal Operation of an Off-Grid Hydrogen Production System Using Renewable Energy Based on Cooperative Game Theory. In Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2026. p. 3540-3545. (Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026). doi: 10.1109/CIEEC69682.2026.11572694

Optimal Operation of an Off-Grid Hydrogen Production System Using Renewable Energy Based on Cooperative Game Theory

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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