Optimal dispatch of electric vehicle batteries between battery swapping stations and charging stations

Along with the fast development of battery technologies and growing criticism on heavy air pollution caused by traditional automobiles, electric vehicles (EV) draw more attention in these years. The inconvenience of battery charging is the main barrier to the widespread use of EVs, and the EV battery-swapping technology is a promising method to assist overcoming this difficulty eventually because of its flexibility. In this paper, a battery schedule framework is studied to dispatch batteries between battery charging stations (BCS) and battery swapping stations (BSS) efficiently. A two-direction battery dispatch model to reduce the transportation cost is established and solved by PSO method. Moreover, considering the serving ability limitations, the K-means clustering algorithm is utilized to pre-partition the BCS and BSS to make the battery dispatch more efficient and effective. The proposed methods is finally verified by an urban battery logistics case.