Optical switching in graded plasmonic waveguides

A mechanism of longitudinal confinement of optical energy via coupled plasmon modes is proposed in chains of noble metal nanoparticles embedded in a graded dielectric medium, which is analogous to the confinement of electrons in semiconductor quantum wells. In these systems, one can control the transmission of optical energy by varying the graded refractive index of the host medium or the separation between the nanoparticles to realize the photonic analog of electronic transistors. Possible passband tunability by nanoparticle spacing and modulation of the refractive index in the host medium have been presented explicitly and compared favorably with numerical calculations.