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On the Borel summability of formal solutions of certain higher-order linear ordinary differential equations

  • Tokyo Metropolitan University
  • Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

We consider a class of nth-order linear ordinary differential equations with a large parameter u. Analytic solutions of these equations can be described by (divergent) formal series in descending powers of u. We demonstrate that, given mild conditions on the potential functions of the equation, the formal solutions are Borel summable with respect to the parameter u in large, unbounded domains of the independent variable. We establish that the formal series expansions serve as asymptotic expansions, uniform with respect to the independent variable, for the Borel re-summed exact solutions. Additionally, we show that the exact solutions can be expressed using factorial series in the parameter, and these expansions converge in half-planes, uniformly with respect to the independent variable. To illustrate our theory, we apply it to an nth-order Airy-type equation.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)645-700
Number of pages56
JournalJournal of Differential Equations
Volume415
DOIs
StatePublished - 15 Jan 2025
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Asymptotic expansions
  • Borel summability
  • Factorial series
  • Formal solutions

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