Numerical Simulation Analyses on Envelope Structures of Economic Passive Buildings in Severe Cold Region

The present study provides comprehensive analyses of a newly constructed passive energy-efficient building located in Harbin, China, which is a prime example of how to design a passive building that withstands the severe cold climate in northeast Asia. Conduction transfer functions of heat flux equilibrium are employed to simulate energy consumption characteristics of the paradigm passive building. The climatic conditions in severe cold region are analyzed, and the energy-saving designs in the studied engineering cases are summarized for their practical applications. Building physical models are established to perform numerical simulation analyses on the passive building paradigm in northeast Asian frigid zone. The dominant technical parameters of envelope structure affecting energy consumption in severe cold region, including thermal insulation thickness and heat transfer coefficient of building envelope, as well as window-to-wall ratio for each building facade, are taken into consideration as simulation variables to calculate cooling load, heating load, electricity consumption, and CO₂ emission, which account for energy efficiency of passive buildings. The simulation results demonstrate the high energy-saving potential of the proposed passive building design and render the optimal energy-efficient parameters suitable for severe cold regions, which can reduce energy consumption and CO₂ emission while ensuring comfort for occupants. The present study provides a theoretical reference for envelope structures of passive buildings in severe cold regions, which is of great significance to the development of green buildings and relevant policies.